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Social media posts and online searches can also provide
important clues about the development of influenza, and now Covid-19. But they
also threaten errors and privacy.
Almost every week before the World Health Organization
first warned of a mysterious new respiratory disease in Wuhan, China, a Boston
team of detectives from the global health tracking system HealthMap collected
digital clues about the outbreak in an internet press release.
On the same day, December 30, ProMED, all other digital disease
screening organizations, learned about an online chat about pneumonia of
unknown origin on the Chinese microblogging website Weibo. The researchers
later said that the recently featured phrases on the WeChat social network
protected against "SARS," "shortness of breath," and
"diarrhea."
Such signals open up the prospect of a huge but volatile
resource: tweet-sized suggestions from people around the world registering
their fitness fame and voicing their concerns online. Some researchers are
asking fitness officials to make greater use of this digital treasure trove of
statistics, especially given the current rapid spread of the novel coronavirus.
“We are on the cusp of an exceptional opportunity for
music to predict and prevent the burden of international unrest in the
population using virtual information,” said Allison Aiello, an epidemiologist
at the School of Global Public Health at Carolina Gillings University. Norte
and graduate students write for the 2020 Annual Public Health Survey.
"Social media blogs, chat rooms and in-depth reports
have a wealth of statistics that give us clues about daily outbreaks of
disease," said John Brownstein, director of innovation at Boston
Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical Center. School. CNN news headline. Such
facts, which Braunstein calls “digital breadcrumbs,” are vital raw materials
for the growing field of research known as virtual epidemiology. HealthMap,
which he co-founded in 2006, is one of several major projects on this topic.
HealthMap's first massive success came during the 2009
H1N1 (swine flu) pandemic, when it used sources, including online news feeds in
Spanish, to resort to early detection of an unidentified respiratory infection
in Veracruz, Mexico. Five years later, he used WHO's Twitter feed and other
resources to follow the evolution of the Ebola virus, which ultimately killed
more than 11,000 people in West Africa.
The World Health Organization now mechanically uses
HealthMap, ProMED and similar structures to display infectious disease outbreaks
and inform doctors, officials and the public. However, screening for serious
disorders is still in its infancy compared to traditional strategies, and
social media components, in particular, have not begun to make a significant
contribution to predicting where and how they might be used and to combat
infectious diseases.
So at least HealthMap is still not heavily reliant on
social media; instead, broadly speaking, it tracks posts from online news
sources and governments, even if some social media posts from public health
experts are included. Additionally, HealthMap is asking volunteers to publish
weekly statistics on its collaborative disease monitoring platform, Flu Near
You. In March, it launched a new online site, Covid Near You, which focuses on
Covid-19 signals and testing.
However, according to Braunstein and others, two key
benefits of virtual epidemiology - speed and scale - can also help healthcare
professionals identify outbreaks quickly and inexpensively. At the same time,
the sheer volume of virtual social media posts also poses enough accuracy and
privacy concerns to make them a "double-edged sword," according to
University College London e-health researcher Patti Kostkov. This is a familiar
story: technological advances are ahead of our ability to ensure their high
quality and safety.